Conducting a risk assessment for demonstrations and protests involves identifying potential hazards and implementing control measures to ensure the safety of journalists and media teams. Key steps include evaluating the likelihood of violence, planning escape routes, and ensuring proper communication channels.
Understanding the Context
The UK is currently experiencing significant unrest and riots in various cities, including Birmingham, Plymouth, and Belfast. The violence erupted following a tragic stabbing incident in Southport, which resulted in the deaths of three children. This has led to widespread protests, some of which have turned violent, with over 370 arrests made so far.
Potential Hazards
- Physical Violence: Clashes between far-right groups and counter-protesters can lead to physical altercations. Journalists may find themselves in the midst of these confrontations, risking injury from both protesters and law enforcement.
- Looting and Arson: Incidents of looting and arson, such as setting buildings on fire, pose significant risks. These actions can create dangerous environments with falling debris, smoke inhalation, and potential explosions.
- Police Confrontations: Attacks on police officers and the use of force can escalate situations. Journalists need to be aware of the tactics used by law enforcement, such as tear gas, rubber bullets, and water cannons, which can cause harm.
- Crowd Dynamics: Large crowds can become unpredictable, leading to stampedes or crush injuries. The movement of a crowd can change rapidly, and journalists must be vigilant to avoid being trapped or trampled.
- Environmental Hazards: Debris, broken glass, and other hazards can cause injuries. The aftermath of violent protests often leaves streets littered with dangerous objects that can cause harm.
Control Measures
- Pre-Event Planning:
- Risk Assessment: Conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify potential hazards specific to the event location and nature of the protest.
- Training: Ensure all team members are trained in conflict de-escalation, first aid, and the use of protective equipment.
- Equipment: Provide protective gear such as helmets, vests, gas masks, and first aid kits. Equip journalists with communication devices and GPS trackers.
- During the Event:
- Communication: Establish clear communication channels among team members. Use encrypted messaging apps to maintain privacy and security.
- Positioning: Stay on the periphery of the crowd to avoid being caught in the middle of conflicts. Identify safe vantage points for reporting.
- Escape Routes: Identify and plan multiple escape routes in case of emergencies. Share these routes with all team members and ensure they are familiar with them.
- Situational Awareness: Maintain high situational awareness. Monitor the behavior of the crowd and law enforcement, and be prepared to move quickly if the situation escalates.
- Buddy System: Implement a buddy system where team members work in pairs to ensure mutual safety and support.
- Post-Event Review:
- Debriefing: Conduct a debriefing session to discuss what went well and what could be improved. Encourage team members to share their experiences and insights.
- Reporting: Document any incidents and review the effectiveness of the control measures. Update risk assessment protocols based on lessons learned.
Legal and Ethical Considerations
- Compliance: Ensure all actions comply with local laws and regulations. Familiarize yourself with the legal rights of journalists and the limitations imposed during protests.
- Ethical Reporting: Maintain journalistic integrity and avoid sensationalizing events. Report accurately and responsibly, respecting the privacy and dignity of individuals involved.
Psychological Support
- Mental Health: Provide access to psychological support for journalists covering traumatic events. Encourage team members to seek help if they experience stress or trauma.
- Peer Support: Foster a supportive environment where team members can discuss their experiences and offer mutual support.
